Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist isolates an organelle with the following features: double membrane, cristae, its own DNA, and 70S ribosomes. Which organelle is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and processing of rRNA

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the secretory pathway?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, packages, and secretes materials received from the ER.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a feature that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA in the cytoplasm

Question 7

A cell is observed to have no mitochondria, but contains hydrogenosomes. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic protist

Question 8

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are 80S in size and may be free or attached to the ER.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

Question 10

Which of the following cell wall compositions is correctly matched with the organism?

Accepted Answer

Algae – silica (in diatoms)

Question 11

Which process is unique to eukaryotic cells and does not occur in prokaryotes due to the presence of a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of ATP generation in hydrogenosomes?

Accepted Answer

Acetate

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts divide independently of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living bacteria and retain some autonomy.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids

Question 15

A mutation disrupts the function of dynein arms in a eukaryotic cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the secretory pathway?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main difference between bacterial and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella are enclosed by a membrane and move by ATP-driven dynein arms.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It includes actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Question 20

Which of the following provides the best evidence that supports the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts contain circular DNA and divide by binary fission.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Biochemistry Study Guide

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