Multiple Choice
What causes translation to stop during protein synthesis?
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15. Gene Expression
Steps of Translation
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What occurs during the process of translation in protein synthesis?
A
The mRNA is transcribed from a DNA template.
B
The DNA is replicated to form two identical DNA molecules.
C
The mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide chain.
D
The tRNA is synthesized from an RNA template.
Verified step by step guidance1
Translation is the process in protein synthesis where the mRNA sequence is decoded to build a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein.
The process begins when the mRNA, which has been transcribed from DNA, binds to a ribosome, the molecular machine responsible for protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, recognize and bind to the mRNA sequence through their anticodon, which is complementary to the mRNA codon.
As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, tRNAs bring the appropriate amino acids in sequence, and the ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between these amino acids, elongating the polypeptide chain.
The process continues until a stop codon on the mRNA is reached, signaling the end of translation and releasing the newly synthesized polypeptide chain to undergo folding and modifications to become a functional protein.
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