Multiple Choice
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cancer risk and exposure to mutagens?
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11. Cell Division
Cancer
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Which of the following conditions will most likely cause a normal body cell to become a cancer cell?
A
Enhanced synthesis of ribosomal RNA
B
Accumulation of mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle
C
Temporary inhibition of DNA replication
D
Increased production of ATP in mitochondria
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the context: Cancer cells arise due to disruptions in the normal regulation of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is controlled by specific genes, and mutations in these genes can lead to uncontrolled cell division.
Analyze the options: Enhanced synthesis of ribosomal RNA, temporary inhibition of DNA replication, and increased production of ATP in mitochondria are not directly related to the regulation of the cell cycle. These processes are important for cellular function but do not typically lead to cancer.
Focus on the correct option: Accumulation of mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle is the most likely cause of a normal body cell becoming a cancer cell. These mutations can affect proto-oncogenes (which promote cell division) or tumor suppressor genes (which inhibit cell division).
Explain the mechanism: Mutations in proto-oncogenes can convert them into oncogenes, leading to excessive cell division. Similarly, mutations in tumor suppressor genes can prevent the cell from halting division when necessary, resulting in uncontrolled growth.
Conclude: The accumulation of mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle disrupts the balance between cell division and cell death, which is a hallmark of cancer development.
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