Multiple Choice
Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?
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15. Gene Expression
Mutations
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How does a frameshift mutation typically affect protein function?
A
It leads to the deletion of the entire protein, preventing its synthesis.
B
It causes a single amino acid change, often having minimal impact on protein function.
C
It usually has no effect on the protein function as it only affects non-coding regions.
D
It results in a completely altered amino acid sequence, potentially leading to a nonfunctional protein.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand what a frameshift mutation is: A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.
Recognize the impact on the reading frame: The genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides, called codons. A frameshift mutation changes the grouping of these nucleotides, affecting all downstream codons.
Consider the effect on the amino acid sequence: Since the reading frame is altered, the sequence of amino acids in the protein will be changed, often resulting in a completely different and nonfunctional protein.
Evaluate the potential consequences: The altered amino acid sequence can lead to a protein that is unable to perform its intended function, potentially causing significant effects on the organism.
Compare with other types of mutations: Unlike point mutations, which may only change a single amino acid, frameshift mutations typically result in more extensive changes to the protein structure and function.
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