Multiple Choice
Which of the following molecules is essential for glycolysis to proceed?
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8. Respiration
Glycolysis
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Which of the following is the best description of substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
A
The transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen, producing water.
B
The direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP, forming ATP.
C
The oxidation of NADH to NAD\(^+\) coupled with ATP synthesis.
D
The generation of ATP using a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of substrate-level phosphorylation: It is a process where a phosphate group is directly transferred from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP to form ATP, without the involvement of an electron transport chain or a proton gradient.
Review the context of glycolysis: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process.
Identify the key feature of substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis: This process occurs during specific steps of glycolysis, such as when phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) donates a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
Eliminate incorrect options: For example, the transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen producing water describes oxidative phosphorylation, not substrate-level phosphorylation. Similarly, the generation of ATP using a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane refers to chemiosmosis, not glycolysis.
Select the correct description: The direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP, forming ATP, is the best description of substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis.
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