18. Biotechnology

When a typical restriction enzyme cuts a DNA molecule, the cuts are staggered so that the DNA fragments have single-stranded ends. This is important in recombinant DNA work because __________.

In genetic engineering, sticky end refers to __________.

A scientist wishing to create an organism capable of breaking down several kinds of toxic waste combines genes from several species of bacteria to create a single "superbacterium." Which of the following would be needed for this project?

DNA synthesized using an RNA template is called __________.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) __________.

All of the following are current applications of DNA technology in medicine except __________.

Nuclear transplantation involves __________.

Dolly, the sheep, was cloned from an adult cell. She had a number of health problems and died at a relatively young age. Three mules that were born in 2003 were cloned from fetal cells. If it turns out that the mules remain healthy and live normal lives, how would this outcome tie in with Gurdon's observations with tadpoles?

All of the following are true regarding induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells except __________.

A genetic marker is __________.

Human nerve cells differ from human muscle cells because different sets of genes are expressed; in each type of cell, different genes are transcribed into mRNA and translated into protein. Which of the following techniques would be the most efficient way to identify the genes that these cells express?

Which of the following would be considered a transgenic organism?

Transgenic organisms can be scientifically or commercially useful only if __________.

Transgene escape would occur if __________.

What does the "Bt" in Bt maize refer to?