46. Sensory Systems

Which sensory receptor — category pair is correct?

a. Hair cell — Nociceptor

b. Snake pit organ — Mechanoreceptor

c. Taste receptor — Chemoreceptor

d. Olfactory receptor — Electromagnetic receptor

Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?

a. Hair cell—mechanoreceptor

b. Snake pit organ—thermoreceptor

c. Taste receptor—chemoreceptor

d. Olfactory receptor—electromagnetic receptor

In the human ear, how do different hair cells respond to different frequencies of sound?

a. Waves of pressure move through the fluid in the cochlea.

b. Hair cells are 'sandwiched' between membranes.

c. Receptor proteins in the stereocilia of each hair cell are different; each protein responds to a certain range of frequencies.

d. Because the basilar membrane varies in stiffness, it vibrates in certain places in response to certain frequencies.

The middle ear converts

a. Air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves

b. Air pressure waves to nerve impulses

c. Fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses

d. Pressure waves to hair cell movements

Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?

a. Hair cell . . . Mechanoreceptor

b. Taste receptor . . . Chemoreceptor

c. Rod . . . Electromagnetic receptor

d. Olfactory receptor . . . Electromagnetic receptor

Evaluate the following statements according to the information presented in this chapter. Select True or False for each statement.

T/F Most human eyes have one type of rod and three types of cones.

T/F Rods are more sensitive to dim light than cones are.

T/F Nocturnal animals have fewer rods than diurnal animals.

T/F Both rods and cones use retinal and opsins to detect light.

Which of the following are not known to be present in human skin?

a. Thermoreceptors

b. Electromagnetic receptors

c. Pressure receptors

d. Pain receptors

Which of these statements about taste is true?

a. Sweetness is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in food.

b. Sodium ions from foods can directly depolarize certain taste cells.

c. All bitter-tasting compounds have a similar chemical structure.

d. Sourness is detected when hydrogen ions bind to membrane receptors.

The human brain differentiates tastes from smells because action potentials for the two sensations differ in

a. Magnitude and shape.

b. Threshold potential.

c. Where they are received in the brain.

d. How long they take to reach the brain.

Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in neuron identity?

a. White and red

b. Red and green

c. Loud and faint

d. Salty and sweet

What do the receptor cells in the lateral line system along the sides of a shark and the cochlea of your ear have in common?

a. They use hair cells to sense sound or pressure waves.

b. They are organs of equilibrium.

c. They use electromagnetic receptors to sense pressure waves in fluid.

d. They use granules that signal a change in position and stimulate their receptor cells.

What type of sensory system do migrating birds use to detect direction?