Textbook Question
Imagine you have found a small quantity of DNA. Fill in the following diagram, which outlines a series of DNA technology experiments you could perform to study this DNA.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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Ch. 12 DNA Technology and Genomics
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Biology: The Study of Scientific Life19
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Basis of Life17
- Ch. 3 The Molecules of Cells21
- Ch. 4 A Tour of the Cell20
- Ch. 5 The Working Cell17
- Ch. 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy18
- Ch. 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food15
- Ch. 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance22
- Ch. 9 Patterns of Inheritance17
- Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene13
- Ch. 11 How Genes Are Controlled13
- Ch. 12 DNA Technology and Genomics23
- Ch. 13 How Populations Evolve17
- Ch. 14 The Origin of Species19
- Ch. 15 Tracing Evolutionary History18
- Ch. 16 Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists16
- Ch. 17 The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity15
- Ch. 18 The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity13
- Ch. 19 The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity18
- Ch. 20 Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function11
- Ch. 21 Nutrition and Digestion16
- Ch. 22 Gas Exchange16
- Ch. 23 Circulation17
- Ch. 24 The Immune System16
- Ch. 25 Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance20
- Ch. 26 Hormones and the Endocrine System10
- Ch. 27 Reproduction and Embryonic Development12
- Ch. 28 Nervous Systems10
- Ch. 29 The Senses12
- Ch. 30 How Animals Move19
- Ch. 31 Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction9
- Ch. 32 Plant Nutrition and Transport12
- Ch. 33 Control Systems in Plants15
- Ch. 34 The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environments15
- Ch. 35 Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment12
- Ch. 36 Population Ecology15
- Ch. 37 Communities and Ecosystems14
- Ch. 38 Conservation Biology14
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 12, Problem 2
Which of the following would be considered a transgenic organism?
a. A bacterium that has received genes via conjugation
b. A human given a corrected human blood-clotting gene
c. A fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell
d. A rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes
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Understand the term 'transgenic organism': A transgenic organism is one that has been genetically modified to contain a gene or genes from another species. This is achieved through genetic engineering techniques, not natural processes like conjugation or cell culture.
Analyze option (a): A bacterium receiving genes via conjugation is not considered transgenic because conjugation is a natural process of gene transfer between bacteria, not genetic engineering.
Analyze option (b): A human given a corrected human blood-clotting gene is not transgenic because the gene introduced is from the same species (human), not from a different species.
Analyze option (c): A fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell is not transgenic because no foreign genes from another species are introduced; this is simply a form of asexual reproduction.
Analyze option (d): A rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes is transgenic because it has been genetically engineered to contain and express a gene (hemoglobin) from a different species (rabbit), which fits the definition of a transgenic organism.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Transgenic Organism
A transgenic organism is one that has been genetically modified to contain DNA from another species. This process often involves the insertion of specific genes that confer desired traits, such as resistance to pests or improved nutritional content. Transgenic organisms are commonly used in research, agriculture, and medicine to study gene function and develop new products.
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06:52
Organization of DNA in the Cell
Gene Transfer Methods
Gene transfer methods are techniques used to introduce foreign DNA into an organism's genome. Common methods include transformation, transfection, and conjugation. Understanding these methods is crucial for identifying how genetic material can be exchanged between organisms, which is a key aspect of creating transgenic organisms.
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Examples of Transgenic Organisms
Examples of transgenic organisms include genetically modified crops, such as Bt corn, which has been engineered to express a bacterial toxin that deters pests. Other examples include animals like mice or rats that have been modified to express human genes for research purposes. Recognizing these examples helps clarify what constitutes a transgenic organism in practical applications.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The DNA profiles used as evidence in a murder trial look something like supermarket bar codes. The pattern of bars in a DNA profile shows
a. The order of bases in a particular gene.
b. The presence of various-sized fragments of DNA.
c. The presence of dominant or recessive alleles for particular traits.
d. The order of genes along particular chromosomes.
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Textbook Question
A paleontologist has recovered a tiny bit of organic material from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo. She would like to compare DNA from the sample with DNA from living birds. Which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of DNA available for testing?
a. Restriction fragment analysis
b. Polymerase chain reaction
c. Molecular probe analysis
d. Electrophoresis
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Textbook Question
How many genes are there in a human sperm cell?
a. 23
b. 46
c. About 21,000
d. about 3 billion
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