Textbook Question
Velocity to displacement An object travels on the π-axis with a velocity given by v(t) = 2t + 5, for 0 β€ t β€ 4.
(a) How far does the object travel, for 0 β€ t β€ 4 ?
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Ch. 5 - Integration
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Functions210
- Ch. 2 - Limits371
- Ch. 3 - Derivatives633
- Ch. 4 - Applications of the Derivative412
- Ch. 5 - Integration328
- Ch. 6 - Applications of Integration331
- Ch. 7 - Logarithmic, Exponential Functions, and Hyperbolic Functions177
- Ch. 8 - Integration Techniques394
- Ch. 9 - Differential Equations179
- Ch. 10 - Sequences and Infinite Series339
- Ch. 11 - Power Series218
- Ch.12 - Parametric and Polar Curves215
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 5, Problem 5.R.91
Area versus net area Find (i) the net area and (ii) the area of the region bounded by the graph of Ζ and the π-axis on the given interval. You may find it useful to sketch the region.
Ζ(π) = πβ΄ β πΒ² on [β1, 1]
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The net area is the integral of the function Ζ(π) = πβ΄ β πΒ² over the interval [β1, 1]. The area, on the other hand, is the integral of the absolute value of Ζ(π) over the same interval. Sketching the graph of Ζ(π) will help identify where the function is positive and negative.
Step 2: Analyze the function Ζ(π) = πβ΄ β πΒ². Factorize the function to find its roots: Ζ(π) = πΒ²(πΒ² β 1) = πΒ²(π β 1)(π + 1). The roots are π = β1, π = 0, and π = 1. These are the points where the function intersects the π-axis.
Step 3: Determine where the function is positive and negative. By testing intervals between the roots (e.g., [β1, 0], [0, 1]), you can determine the sign of Ζ(π). This will help in calculating the net area and the absolute area.
Step 4: Compute the net area. Set up the integral β«[β1, 1] Ζ(π) dπ = β«[β1, 1] (πβ΄ β πΒ²) dπ. Evaluate this integral directly, keeping in mind that the negative contributions will reduce the total value.
Step 5: Compute the area. Set up the integral for the absolute value of Ζ(π): β«[β1, 1] |Ζ(π)| dπ. Split the integral into regions where Ζ(π) is positive and negative, and evaluate each separately. For example, β«[β1, 0] |Ζ(π)| dπ and β«[0, 1] |Ζ(π)| dπ. Add these results to find the total area.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Net Area
Net area refers to the total area between a curve and the x-axis, taking into account the sign of the function. When the function is above the x-axis, the area is positive, and when it is below, the area is negative. To find the net area over a specific interval, one must calculate the definite integral of the function over that interval, which effectively sums these areas.
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Finding Area When Bounds Are Not Given
Definite Integral
The definite integral of a function over an interval provides a way to calculate the area under the curve of that function between two points. It is denoted as β«[a, b] f(x) dx, where 'a' and 'b' are the limits of integration. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects differentiation and integration, allowing us to evaluate the definite integral using antiderivatives.
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Area Calculation
To calculate the area of a region bounded by a curve and the x-axis, one must consider the absolute value of the function's output. This means that regardless of whether the function is above or below the x-axis, the area is always treated as positive. The area can be found by integrating the absolute value of the function over the specified interval, ensuring that all contributions to the area are counted positively.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Area functions and the Fundamental Theorem Consider the function
Ζ(t) = { t if β2 β€ t < 0
tΒ²/2 if 0 β€ t β€ 2
and its graph shown below. Let F(π) = β«ββΛ£ Ζ(t) dt and G(π) = β«ββΛ£ Ζ(t) dt.
(d) Evaluate F ' (β1) and F ' (1). Interpret these values.
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Textbook Question
Evaluating integrals Evaluate the following integrals.
β«Ο/ββ^Ο/βΉ (csc 3π cot 3π + sec 3π tan 3π) dπ
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Textbook Question
Integration by Riemann sums Consider the integral β«ββ΄ (3πβ 2) dπ.
(a) Evaluate the right Riemann sum for the integral with n = 3 .
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Textbook Question
Area by geometry Use geometry to evaluate the following definite integrals, where the graph of Ζ is given in the figure.
(d) β«ββ· Ζ(π) dπ
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Textbook Question
Evaluating integrals Evaluate the following integrals.
β« yΒ² (3yΒ³ + 1)β΄ dy
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