Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, what is the primary function of mitochondria?
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11. Aerobic Respiration
Mitochondria
Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
A
They synthesize proteins for secretion by translating mRNA on bound ribosomes.
B
They generate ATP by oxidizing fuels through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
C
They modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for transport in vesicles.
D
They store genetic information as the cell’s main repository of chromosomal DNA and control transcription.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the organelle mentioned in the question, which is the mitochondrion, and recall its main role in the cell.
Step 2: Understand that mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Step 3: Recognize that mitochondria generate ATP through two key processes: the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation, which occur in the mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane respectively.
Step 4: Compare the other options: protein synthesis is mainly done by ribosomes, modification and packaging of proteins occur in the Golgi apparatus, and storage of genetic information is the function of the nucleus.
Step 5: Conclude that the primary function of mitochondria is to generate ATP by oxidizing fuels through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
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