Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins during translation?
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5. DNA to RNA to Protein
Translation
Multiple Choice
In the context of translation, which cellular structure is responsible for building proteins by synthesizing polypeptide chains from an mRNA template?
A
Lysosome
B
Golgi apparatus
C
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D
Ribosome
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that translation is the process by which cells synthesize proteins using the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA).
Identify the cellular structure responsible for reading the mRNA sequence and assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
Recall that ribosomes are the molecular machines that facilitate this process by matching transfer RNA (tRNA) anticodons to mRNA codons and catalyzing peptide bond formation.
Recognize that other organelles like lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum have different functions unrelated to direct protein synthesis from mRNA.
Conclude that the ribosome is the correct cellular structure responsible for building proteins by synthesizing polypeptide chains from an mRNA template.
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