- Chloroform has ΔHvaporization = 29.2 kJ>mol and boils at 61.2 °C. What is the value of ΔSvaporization for chloroform?
Problem 139
Problem 141b
Consider the unbalanced equation: (b) Use the data in Appendix B and ΔG°f for IO3-(aq)= -128.0 kJ/mol to calculate ΔG° for the reaction at 25 °C.
Problem 141d
Consider the unbalanced equation: I2(s) → I-(aq) + IO3-(aq) (d) What pH is required for the reaction to be at equilibrium at 25°C when [I-] = 0.10M and [IO3-] = 0.50 M?
Problem 143k
Methanol (CH3OH) is made industrially in two steps from CO and H2. It is so cheap to make that it is being considered for use as a precursor to hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane (CH4):
Step 1. CO(g) + 2 H2(g) S CH3OH(l) ΔS° = - 332 J/K
Step 2. CH3OH1l2 → CH4(g) + 1/2 O2(g) ΔS° = 162 J/K
(k) Calculate an overall ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° for the formation of CH4 from CO and H2.
Problem 143m
Methanol (CH3OH) is made industrially in two steps from CO and H2. It is so cheap to make that it is being considered for use as a precursor to hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane (CH4):
Step 1. CO(g) + 2 H2(g) S CH3OH(l) ΔS° = - 332 J/K
Step 2. CH3OH1l2 → CH4(g) + 1/2 O2(g) ΔS° = 162 J/K
(m) If you were designing a production facility, would you plan on carrying out the reactions in separate steps or together? Explain.
- For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy of the system and its surroundings must increase; that is ΔStotal = ΔSsystem + ΔSsurr 7 0 for a spontaneous process Furthermore, the entropy change in the surroundings, ΔSsurr, is related to the enthalpy change for the process by the equa- tion ΔSsurr = - ΔH>T. (b) What is the value of ΔSsurr for the photosynthesis of glu- cose from CO2 at 298 K? 6 CO21g2 + 6 H2O1l2 S C6H12O61s2 + 6 O21g2 ΔG° = 2879 kJ ΔS° = - 262 J>K
Problem 146
Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium
