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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 2, Problem 4

A compound containing sulfur and fluorine contains 8.00 g of S and 9.50 g of F. Which combination of S and F masses represents a different compound that obeys the Law of Mul-tiple Proportions? (LO 2.8) (a) 32.0 g of S and 38.0 g of F (b) 4.00 g of S and 4.75 g of F (c) 8.00 g of S and 10.5 g of F (d) 16.0 g of S and 57.0 g of F

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1
Identify the given compound with 8.00 g of S and 9.50 g of F, and calculate the mass ratio of F to S: \( \frac{9.50}{8.00} \).
For each option, calculate the mass ratio of F to S: (a) \( \frac{38.0}{32.0} \), (b) \( \frac{4.75}{4.00} \), (c) \( \frac{10.5}{8.00} \), (d) \( \frac{57.0}{16.0} \).
Compare each calculated mass ratio to the original compound's mass ratio to determine if they are different.
According to the Law of Multiple Proportions, a different compound will have a mass ratio that is a simple whole number multiple of the original ratio.
Identify which option has a mass ratio that is a simple whole number multiple of the original compound's mass ratio, indicating a different compound.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Law of Multiple Proportions

The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed as small whole numbers. This principle helps in understanding how different compounds can be formed from the same elements in varying proportions.
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Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is crucial for converting between the mass of a substance and the number of moles, allowing for the calculation of ratios needed to apply the Law of Multiple Proportions effectively.
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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. It provides the quantitative relationships between substances in a reaction, which is essential for determining how different mass combinations of elements can form distinct compounds.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which sample has the greatest mass? (LO 2.16)(a) 5.5 mol of C (b) 2.1 mol of S (c) 4.2 mol of Be (d) 0.52 mol of Ag
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Textbook Question
Which experiment and subsequent observation led to the discovery that atoms contain negatively charged particles, now known as electrons? (LO 2.10–2.12)(a) Oil is sprayed into a chamber and the speed at which the oil droplets fall is measured with and without an applied voltage. X rays in the chamber knock electrons out of air molecules. The electrons stick to the oil pro-ducing an overall negative charge on the drops. Adjusting the voltage changes the speed at which the negatively charged oil droplets fall. (b) When a high voltage is applied across metal electrodes at opposite ends of a sealed glass tube, a cathode ray is produced. The cathode ray is repelled by a negatively charged plate. (c) A radioactive substance emits alpha particles, which are directed at a thin gold foil. Most of the alpha par-ticles pass through the foil, but a few alpha particles are slightly deflected and some even bounce back toward the radioactive source. (d) The mass of different elements in a pure chemical com-pound are measured. Different samples of the compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass.
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Textbook Question
Refer to a periodic table. Which pair of elements do you expect to be most similar in their chemical properties? (LO 2.3) (a) K and Cu(b) O and Se (c) Be and B(d) Rb and Sr
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Textbook Question
How many atoms are present in 1.2 g of gold? (LO 2.16)(a) 2.5 * 1021 (b) 1.4 * 1026 (c) 7.2 * 1023 (d) 3.7 * 1021
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