Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition - Chapter 3

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Ch.3 - Molecules, Compounds & Chemical Equations

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Tro 4th Edition

Ch.3 - Molecules, Compounds & Chemical Equations

Problem 108c,d
Write the balanced chemical equation for each reaction.
c. Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form sulfur trioxide gas.
d. Gaseous ammonia (NH₃) reacts with gaseous oxygen to form gaseous nitrogen monoxide and gaseous water.
Problem 109
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium carbonate and aqueous copper(II) chloride to form solid copper(II) carbonate and aqueous sodium chloride.
Problem 110
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aqueous potassium hydroxide with aqueous iron(III) chloride to form solid iron(III) hydroxide and aqueous potassium chloride.
Problem 111
Balance each chemical equation. b. Co(NO₃)₃(aq) + (NH₄)₂S(aq) → Co₂S₃(s) + NH₄NO₃(aq)
Problem 112
Balance each chemical equation. a. Na₂S(aq) + Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) → NaNO₃(aq) + CuS(s) b. N₂H₄(l) → NH₃(g) + N₂(g) c. HCl(aq) + O₂(g) → H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g) d. FeS(s) + HCl(aq) → FeCl₂(aq) + H₂S(g)
Problem 113
Classify each compound as organic or inorganic: a. CaCO3 b. C4H8 c. C4H6O6 d. LiF
Problem 114
Classify each compound as organic or inorganic: a. C8H18 b. CH3NH2 c. CaO d. FeCO3
Problem 115
Classify each hydrocarbon as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. a. H₂C=CH−CH₃ b. H₃C−CH₂−CH₃ c. HC≡C−CH₃ d. H₃C−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃
Problem 116
Classify each hydrocarbon as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. a. HC≡CH
Problem 117
Write the formula based on the name, or the name based on the formula, for each hydrocarbon. a. propane b. CH3CH2CH3 c. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 d. octane
Problem 118
Write the formula based on the name, or the name based on the formula, for each hydrocarbon: a. CH3CH3 b. pentane c. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 d. heptane.
Problem 119
Classify each organic compound as a hydrocarbon or a functionalized hydrocarbon. For functionalized hydrocarbons, identify the compound’s family. a. H3C-CH2OH
Problem 121
How many molecules of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) (the alcohol in alcoholic beverages) are present in 145 mL of ethanol? The density of ethanol is 0.789 g/cm³.
Problem 122
A drop of water has a volume of approximately 0.05 mL. How many water molecules does it contain? The density of water is 1.0 g/cm³.
Problem 123a,b
Determine the chemical formula of each compound and then use it to calculate the mass percent composition of each constituent element. a. potassium chromate b. lead(II) phosphate
Problem 123c
Determine the chemical formula of each compound and then use it to calculate the mass percent composition of each constituent element. c. sulfurous acid
Problem 123d
Determine the chemical formula of each compound and then use it to calculate the mass percent composition of each constituent element. d. cobalt(II) bromide
Problem 124
Determine the chemical formula of each compound and then use it to calculate the mass percent composition of each constituent element. c. nitrogen triiodide
Problem 125
A Freon leak in the air-conditioning system of an old car releases 25 g of CF₂Cl₂ per month. What mass of chlorine does this car emit into the atmosphere each year?
Problem 126
A Freon leak in the air-conditioning system of a large building releases 12 kg of CHF2Cl per month. If the leak is allowed to continue, how many kilograms of Cl will be emitted into the atmosphere each year?
Problem 127
A metal (M) forms a compound with the formula MCl₃. If the compound contains 65.57% Cl by mass, what is the identity of the metal?
Problem 128
A metal (M) forms an oxide with the formula M₂O. If the oxide contains 16.99% O by mass, what is the identity of the metal?
Problem 129
Estradiol is a female sexual hormone that is responsible for the maturation and maintenance of the female reproductive system. Elemental analysis of estradiol gives the following mass percent composition: C 79.37%, H 8.88%, O 11.75%. The molar mass of estradiol is 272.37 g/mol. Find the molecular formula of estradiol.
Problem 130
Fructose is a common sugar found in fruit. Elemental analysis of fructose gives the following mass percent composition: C 40.00%, H 6.72%, O 53.28%. The molar mass of fructose is 180.16 g/mol. Find the molecular formula of fructose.
Problem 131
Combustion analysis of a 13.42-g sample of equilin (which contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) produces 39.61 g CO₂ and 9.01 g H₂O. The molar mass of equilin is 268.34 g/mol. Find its molecular formula.
Problem 132
Estrone, which contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, is a female sexual hormone in the urine of pregnant women. Combustion analysis of a 1.893-g sample of estrone produces 5.545 g of CO₂ and 1.388 g H₂O. The molar mass of estrone is 270.36 g/mol. Find its molecular formula.
Problem 133
Epsom salts is a hydrated ionic compound with the following formula: MgSO₄ • x H₂O. A 4.93-g sample of Epsom salts is heated to drive off the water of hydration. The mass of the sample after complete dehydration is 2.41 g. Find the number of waters of hydration (x) in Epsom salts.
Problem 134
A hydrate of copper(II) chloride has the following formula: CuCl₂ • x H₂O. The water in a 3.41-g sample of the hydrate is driven off by heating. The remaining sample has a mass of 2.69 g. Find the number of waters of hydration (x) in the hydrate.
Problem 135
A compound of molar mass 177 g/mol contains only carbon, hydrogen, bromine, and oxygen. Analysis reveals that the compound contains eight times as much carbon as hydrogen by mass. Find the molecular formula.
Problem 136
Researchers obtained the following data from experiments to find the molecular formula of benzocaine, a local anesthetic, which contains only carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Complete combustion of a 3.54-g sample of benzocaine with excess O₂ forms 8.49 g of CO₂ and 2.14 g H₂O. Another 2.35-g sample contains 0.199 g of N. The molar mass of benzocaine is 165 g/mol. Find the molar formula of benzocaine.