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Problem 31a
Write a nuclear equation for the indicated decay of each nuclide. a. U-234 (alpha) b. Th-230 (alpha)
Problem 31c
Write a nuclear equation for the indicated decay of each nuclide. c. Pb-214 (beta)
Problem 31d
Write a nuclear equation for the indicated decay of each nuclide. d. N-13 (positron emission)
Problem 31e
Write a nuclear equation for the indicated decay of each nuclide. e. Cr-51 (electron capture)
Problem 32c
Write a nuclear equation for the indicated decay of each nuclide.
c. Tl-207 (beta)
Problem 32e
Write a nuclear equation for the indicated decay of each nuclide. e. Pd-103 (electron capture)
Problem 33
Write a partial decay series for Th-232 undergoing the sequential decays: a, b, b, a.
Problem 35c
Fill in the missing particles in each nuclear equation.
a. ____ → 21785At + 42He
b. 24194Pu → 24195Am + ____
c. 1911Ne → 1910Ne + ____
d. 7534Se + _____ → 7533As
Problem 36a
Fill in the missing particles in each nuclear equation. a. 24195Am → 23793Np + ____
Problem 36b
Fill in the missing particles in each nuclear equation. b. _____ → 23392U + 0-1e
Problem 36c
Fill in the missing particles in each nuclear equation. c. 23793Np → _____ + 42He
Problem 36d
Fill in the missing particles in each nuclear equation. d. 7535Br → ____ + 0+1e
Problem 37c
Determine whether or not each nuclide is likely to be stable. State your reasons. a. Mg-26 b. Ne-25 c. Co-51
Problem 39
The first six elements of the first transition series have the following number of stable isotopes:
Element Number of Stable Isotopes
Sc 1
Ti 5
V 1
Cr 3
Mn 1
Fe 4
Explain why Sc, V, and Mn each have only one stable isotope while the other elements have several.
Problem 41b
Predict a likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. b. Ru-90 c. P-27 d. Sn-100
Problem 42a
Predict a likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. a. Sb-132 b. Te-139 d. Ba-123
Problem 42c
Predict a likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. c. Fr-202
Problem 44a
Which nuclide in each pair would you expect to have the longer half-life? a. Cs-149 or Cs-139 b. Fe-45 or Fe-52
Problem 46
A patient is given 0.050 mg of technetium-99m, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of about 6.0 hours. How long does it take for the radioactive isotope to decay to 1.0⨉10-3 mg? (Assume no excretion of the nuclide from the body.)
Problem 47
A radioactive sample contains 1.55 g of an isotope with a halflife of 3.8 days. What mass of the isotope remains after 5.5 days?
- A wooden boat discovered just south of the Great Pyramid in Egypt has a carbon-14 to carbon-12 ratio that is 72.5% of that found in living organisms. How old is the boat?
Problem 51
- A layer of peat beneath the glacial sediments of the last ice age has a carbon-14 to carbon-12 ratio that is 22.8% of that found in living organisms. How long ago was this ice age?
Problem 52
- An ancient skull has a carbon-14 decay rate of 0.85 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon (0.85 dis/min/g C). How old is the skull? (Assume that living organisms have a carbon-14 decay rate of 15.3 dis/min/g C and that carbon-14 has a half-life of 5715 years.)
Problem 53
Problem 55
A rock from Australia contains 0.438 g of Pb-206 for every 1.00 g of U-238. Assuming that the rock did not contain any Pb-206 at the time of its formation, how old is the rock?
Problem 55
A rock from Australia contains 0.438 g of Pb-206 for every 1.00 g of U-238. Assuming that the rock did not contain any Pb-206 at the time of its formation, how old is the rock?
- A meteor has a Pb-206:U-238 mass ratio of 0.855:1.00. What is the age of the meteor? (Assume that the meteor did not contain any Pb-206 at the time of its formation.)
Problem 56
Problem 57
Write the nuclear reaction for the neutron-induced fission of U-235 to form Xe-144 and Sr-90. How many neutrons are produced in the reaction?
Problem 58
Write the nuclear reaction for the neutron-induced fission of U-235 to produce Te-137 and Zr-97. How many neutrons are produced in the reaction?
Problem 59
Write the nuclear equation for the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron.
Problem 60
Write the nuclear equation for the fusion of H-3 with H-1 to form He-4.