Textbook Question
Find the total number of atoms in a sample of cocaine hydrochloride, C17H22ClNO4, of mass 23.5 mg.
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Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving90
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements94
- Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds103
- Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities46
- Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions65
- Ch.6 - Gases100
- Ch.7 - Thermochemistry85
- Ch.8 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom51
- Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements79
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model70
- Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory68
- Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces44
- Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials42
- Ch.14 - Solutions77
- Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics88
- Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium57
- Ch.17 - Acids and Bases121
- Ch.18 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium126
- Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics80
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry87
- Ch.21 - Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry61
- Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry114
Chapter 3, Problem 138
Write the structural formulas of three different compounds that each have the molecular formula C5H12.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify that C5H12 represents an alkane, which is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
Recognize that the different structural formulas represent isomers, which are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
Start by drawing the straight-chain isomer, which is n-pentane. This isomer has all five carbon atoms connected in a single, unbranched chain.
Next, draw an isomer with a branching chain. One example is isopentane (also known as 2-methylbutane), which has a four-carbon chain with a methyl group (CH3) attached to the second carbon.
Finally, draw another branched isomer, neopentane (also known as 2,2-dimethylpropane), which has a three-carbon chain with two methyl groups attached to the central carbon.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Isomerism
Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula exhibit different structural arrangements. In the case of C5H12, there are multiple structural isomers, meaning that the atoms can be connected in various ways, leading to distinct compounds with different properties.
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Structural Formula
A structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how the atoms are bonded to each other. It provides insight into the connectivity and spatial orientation of the atoms, which is crucial for understanding the chemical behavior and reactivity of the compound.
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Alkanes
Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms and follow the general formula CnH2n+2. The molecular formula C5H12 indicates that the compounds in question are alkanes, specifically pentanes, which can exist in different structural forms such as straight-chain and branched isomers.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Phosphorus is obtained primarily from ores containing calcium phosphate. If a particular ore contains 57.8% calcium phosphate, what minimum mass of the ore must be processed to obtain 1.00 kg of phosphorus?
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Textbook Question
The chloride of an unknown metal is believed to have the formula MCl3. A 2.395-g sample of the compound contains 3.606×10-2 mol Cl. Find the atomic mass of M.
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Textbook Question
A particular brand of beef jerky contains 0.0552% sodium nitrite by mass and is sold in an 8.00-oz bag. What mass of sodium does the sodium nitrite contribute to the sodium content of the bag of beef jerky?
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Textbook Question
Researchers obtained the following data from experiments to find the molecular formula of benzocaine, a local anesthetic, which contains only carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Complete combustion of a 3.54-g sample of benzocaine with excess O2 forms 8.49 g of CO2 and 2.14 g H2O. Another 2.35-g sample contains 0.199 g of N. The molar mass of benzocaine is 165 g/mol. Find the molar formula of benzocaine.
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