Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

21. Population Genetics

Allelic Frequency Changes

Genetics

21. Population Genetics

Allelic Frequency Changes

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1:56 minutes

Problem 34a

Textbook Question

Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below. Which individual(s) in this family is/are inbred?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of inbreeding. Inbreeding occurs when individuals who are closely related genetically (e.g., cousins, siblings) reproduce. This increases the likelihood of homozygosity for recessive alleles, which can lead to genetic disorders.

Step 2: Analyze the pedigree chart provided. Look for instances where individuals share common ancestors, indicating a potential inbreeding event. Specifically, trace the lineage of each individual to identify shared ancestry.

Step 3: Focus on the offspring of unions between individuals who are related. In the chart, identify any individuals whose parents are cousins or otherwise closely related.

Step 4: Highlight the individuals who are products of such unions. For example, if two cousins have children, those children are considered inbred because their parents share a common ancestor.

Step 5: Confirm the inbred individuals by verifying the shared ancestry of their parents. Use the pedigree chart to ensure that the parents are indeed related and that the offspring are direct descendants of this union.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree analysis is a method used to study the inheritance patterns of traits in families. It involves creating a diagram that represents family relationships and the transmission of genetic traits across generations. By analyzing the pedigree, one can identify carriers of specific traits, determine the mode of inheritance, and assess the likelihood of traits appearing in future generations.

Inbreeding

Inbreeding refers to the mating of individuals who are closely related genetically, which can increase the probability of offspring inheriting genetic disorders. In a pedigree, inbreeding is often indicated by a mating between individuals who share a common ancestor. This practice can lead to a higher incidence of homozygous recessive conditions due to the increased likelihood of both parents carrying the same recessive alleles.

Symbols in Pedigrees

In pedigree charts, specific symbols are used to represent individuals and their relationships. Males are typically represented by squares, while females are represented by circles. A filled symbol indicates an affected individual, while an empty symbol indicates an unaffected individual. Understanding these symbols is crucial for interpreting the pedigree and identifying patterns of inheritance, including potential inbreeding.

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Textbook Question

Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below for individual IV-1. Is IV-1 an inbred individual? If so, who is/are the common ancestor(s)?

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Textbook Question

Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below for individual IV-1. What is F for this individual?

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Textbook Question

Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below. Calculate F for any inbred members of this family.

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Textbook Question

Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the questions below. Who is/are the common ancestor(s) of the inbred individual(s)?

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Textbook Question

The following is a partial pedigree of the British royal family. The family contains several inbred individuals and a number of inbreeding pathways. Carefully evaluate the pedigree, and identify the pathways and common ancestors that produce inbred individuals A (Alice in generation IV), B (George VI in generation VI), and C (Charles in generation VIII).

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Textbook Question

Draw a separate hypothetical pedigree identifying the inbred individuals and the inbreeding pathways for each of the following inbreeding coefficients:

F=4(1/2)⁶

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Textbook Question

Draw a separate hypothetical pedigree identifying the inbred individuals and the inbreeding pathways for each of the following inbreeding coefficients:

F=2(1/2)⁵

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Textbook Question

Draw a separate hypothetical pedigree identifying the inbred individuals and the inbreeding pathways for each of the following inbreeding coefficients:

F=4(1/2)⁸

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