Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes

Previous problemNext problem

Problem 7a

Textbook Question

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alkanes and cycloalkanes:
a. <IMAGE>

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the structure. This will serve as the parent chain and determine the base name of the alkane or cycloalkane (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, etc.). For cycloalkanes, the ring structure is typically the parent chain unless a longer chain exists outside the ring.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain. For alkanes, start numbering from the end closest to the first substituent group. For cycloalkanes, numbering begins at a substituent and proceeds in the direction that gives the lowest numbers to the substituents.

Step 3: Identify and name all substituent groups attached to the parent chain. Substituents are alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl) or other functional groups. For cycloalkanes, substituents are named similarly, but the prefix 'cyclo-' is added to the parent chain name.

Step 4: Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the parent chain. If there are multiple substituents, list them in alphabetical order in the name, and use prefixes like di-, tri-, or tetra- if the same substituent appears more than once.

Step 5: Combine the substituent names and positions with the parent chain name to form the complete IUPAC name. Ensure proper punctuation: use commas to separate numbers and hyphens to separate numbers from words. For example, '2,3-dimethylpentane' or '1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropane'.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above

Play a video:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, particularly organic molecules. It provides rules for naming alkanes and cycloalkanes based on their structure, including the longest carbon chain and the presence of branches or rings. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the structure of organic compounds.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, connected by single bonds. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Recognizing the structure and properties of alkanes is crucial for determining their IUPAC names, as it involves identifying the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are a class of hydrocarbons that contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure, with single bonds between them. They follow the general formula CnH2n, which differs from alkanes due to the cyclic nature of their structure. Understanding cycloalkanes is important for naming them correctly, as the presence of a ring alters the naming conventions compared to linear alkanes.

Watch next

Master Rules for Naming Alkanes Concept 1 with a bite sized video explanation from Jules

Start learning