Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes

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2:07 minutes

Problem 14c

Textbook Question

Write the condensed structure for the straight-chain alkanes shown:
(c) hexane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of hexane. Hexane is a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms connected in a continuous chain, and each carbon is saturated with hydrogen atoms to fulfill the octet rule.

Step 2: Recall the general formula for alkanes, which is C_nH_2n+2. For hexane (n = 6), the molecular formula is C₆H₁₄.

Step 3: Write the expanded structure of hexane. Arrange six carbon atoms in a straight chain, and attach enough hydrogen atoms to each carbon to ensure that each carbon forms four bonds.

Step 4: Convert the expanded structure into a condensed structure. In a condensed structure, each carbon atom is written along with the number of hydrogen atoms directly attached to it. For hexane, the condensed structure is CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃.

Step 5: Verify the condensed structure by counting the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms to ensure it matches the molecular formula C₆H₁₄.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkanes

Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms. Alkanes are saturated compounds, meaning they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for a given number of carbon atoms.

Straight-chain Alkanes

Straight-chain alkanes are alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a linear sequence without any branching. This structure affects their physical properties, such as boiling and melting points, which generally increase with the length of the carbon chain. Hexane, for example, is a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms.

Condensed Structural Formula

The condensed structural formula is a way of representing a molecule that shows the arrangement of atoms without depicting all the bonds explicitly. For hexane, the condensed formula is written as C6H14, indicating that it contains six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms. This format simplifies the representation of larger molecules while still conveying essential structural information.