Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes

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Problem 10c

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for alkanes or the line-angle formula for cycloalkanes for each of the following:
c. heptane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of heptane. Heptane is an alkane, which means it is a saturated hydrocarbon containing only single bonds between carbon atoms. The prefix 'hept-' indicates that the molecule contains 7 carbon atoms.

Step 2: Write the general formula for alkanes. The general formula for alkanes is C_nH_2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. For heptane, n = 7, so the molecular formula is C₇H₁₆.

Step 3: Arrange the 7 carbon atoms in a straight chain. Since heptane is a straight-chain alkane, the carbon atoms are connected in a single continuous chain with no branching.

Step 4: Add hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom to satisfy the octet rule. Each carbon atom should form 4 bonds in total. Attach enough hydrogen atoms to each carbon to ensure this requirement is met.

Step 5: Write the condensed structural formula. In the condensed structural formula, group the hydrogens with their respective carbons. For heptane, the condensed structural formula is written as CH₃(CH₂)₅CH₃.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, connected by single bonds. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Alkanes are characterized by their relatively low reactivity and are commonly found in natural gas and petroleum.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. In this format, groups of atoms are grouped together, making it easier to visualize the structure of larger molecules. For example, heptane can be represented as CH3(CH2)5CH3.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a shorthand representation of organic molecules where vertices represent carbon atoms and lines represent bonds. This method simplifies the drawing of complex structures by omitting hydrogen atoms attached to carbons, making it particularly useful for visualizing cycloalkanes and other cyclic compounds.

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