Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

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Problem 28a

Textbook Question

Indicate which compounds contain aldehyde or ketone carbonyl groups.
a.

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Identify the functional groups in each compound shown in the image. Look for the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O), which is a characteristic feature of both aldehydes and ketones.

Determine the position of the carbonyl group in each compound. If the carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, it is an aldehyde. If the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms, it is a ketone.

For aldehydes, the general structure is R-CHO, where R represents a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen. For ketones, the general structure is R-CO-R', where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups.

Examine each compound in the image and classify it as containing an aldehyde group, a ketone group, or neither based on the structural criteria described above.

List the compounds that contain aldehyde groups and those that contain ketone groups separately, ensuring clarity in your classification.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Carbonyl Group

The carbonyl group is a functional group characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). It is a key feature in organic chemistry, found in various compounds, including aldehydes and ketones. Understanding the structure and reactivity of the carbonyl group is essential for identifying these compounds.

Aldehydes

Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. They are typically represented by the general formula RCHO, where R is a hydrocarbon group. Aldehydes are known for their distinctive odors and are commonly used in the production of various chemicals and fragrances.

Ketones

Ketones are organic compounds that feature a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms, represented by the general formula RC(=O)R'. Unlike aldehydes, ketones do not have hydrogen directly attached to the carbonyl carbon. They are important in various industrial applications and are often used as solvents and intermediates in chemical synthesis.

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Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: