Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

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Problem 22b

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:
b. 2,3-dichlorobutanal

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the name of the compound. '2,3-dichlorobutanal' indicates that the compound is a butanal (a four-carbon aldehyde) with chlorine atoms attached to the second and third carbons.

Step 2: Start by drawing the backbone structure of butanal. Butanal has four carbons in a chain, with the aldehyde functional group (-CHO) attached to the first carbon.

Step 3: Add the chlorine atoms to the structure. Place one chlorine atom on the second carbon and another chlorine atom on the third carbon in the chain.

Step 4: Complete the structure by adding hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valency of each carbon atom. Remember that carbon forms four bonds, so ensure each carbon has the correct number of hydrogens after accounting for the bonds with chlorine and the aldehyde group.

Step 5: Write the condensed structural formula by grouping atoms around each carbon. For example, the aldehyde group is represented as CHO, and the chlorinated carbons are represented with their attached chlorine atoms and hydrogens.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically uses symbols for atoms and groups, allowing for a more compact representation. For example, in a condensed formula, carbon atoms are often listed in sequence, followed by their attached functional groups.

Dichloro Substitution

Dichloro substitution refers to the presence of two chlorine atoms in a compound. In the case of 2,3-dichlorobutanal, the chlorines are attached to the second and third carbon atoms of the butanal chain. This substitution affects the compound's reactivity and properties, making it important to accurately represent their positions in the structural formula.

Butanal Structure

Butanal is a four-carbon aldehyde with the general formula C4H8O, characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) at the terminal carbon. Understanding the structure of butanal is crucial for drawing its derivatives, such as 2,3-dichlorobutanal. The aldehyde functional group influences the compound's chemical behavior and is essential for identifying the correct placement of substituents in the condensed structural formula.

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