Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Transcription: mRNA Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Transcription: mRNA Synthesis

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1:30 minutes

Problem 35b

Textbook Question

The following portion of DNA is in the template DNA strand: 3'TGT|GGG|GTT|ATT5'
b. Write the anticodons corresponding to the codons on the mRNA.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the directionality of the template DNA strand, which is given as 3' to 5'. The mRNA strand will be complementary to this template strand and synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Determine the mRNA codons by pairing the complementary bases to the template DNA strand. Use the base pairing rules: Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA, Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A), Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

Write the mRNA codons corresponding to the template DNA strand. For example, the template DNA sequence 3'TGT|GGG|GTT|ATT5' will yield mRNA codons 5'ACA|CCC|CAA|UAA3'.

Determine the anticodons that correspond to the mRNA codons. Anticodons are found on tRNA and are complementary to the mRNA codons. Use the same base pairing rules to find the anticodons for each mRNA codon.

Write the anticodons in the 3' to 5' direction, as tRNA anticodons are conventionally written in this orientation. For example, the anticodons corresponding to the mRNA codons 5'ACA|CCC|CAA|UAA3' will be 3'UGU|GGG|GUU|AUU5'.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

DNA Template Strand

The DNA template strand is the strand of DNA that serves as a guide for synthesizing mRNA during transcription. It is read in the 3' to 5' direction, allowing RNA polymerase to create a complementary mRNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction. Understanding the orientation and base pairing rules is crucial for determining the correct mRNA sequence.

mRNA Codons

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis. Each codon is derived from the DNA template strand, and the sequence of codons determines the order of amino acids in a protein. Recognizing how codons are formed from the mRNA sequence is essential for translating genetic information.

Anticodons

Anticodons are sequences of three nucleotides found on tRNA molecules that are complementary to mRNA codons. During translation, the anticodon pairs with its corresponding codon on the mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. Understanding the relationship between codons and anticodons is vital for grasping how genetic information is translated into proteins.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Answer the following questions for the given section of DNA:

b. Using the new strand as a template, write the mRNA sequence.

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Textbook Question

Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.

b. Using the new strand that results from this mutation, write the order of bases in the altered mRNA.

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Textbook Question

List the mRNA bases that complement the bases A, T, G, and C in DNA.

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Textbook Question

The sequence of bases in a DNA template strand is 5'GGCTTATTGCCA3'. What is the corresponding mRNA produced?

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Multiple Choice

Write the sequence of pre-mRNA produced from the following DNA informational strand.

5’ AATCAGTGACGT 3’

Multiple Choice

Write the sequence of pre-mRNA produced from the following DNA informational strand.

5’ AATCAGTGACGT 3’

Textbook Question

If the sequence T-A-C-C-C-T appears on the informational strand of DNA, what sequence appears opposite it on the template strand? Label your answer with 3′ and 5′ ends.

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Textbook Question

What mRNA base sequences are complementary to the following DNA template sequences? Be sure to label the 5′ and 3′ ends of the complementary sequences.

a. 5′ CAT GCT CTA CAG 3′

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