Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Transcription: mRNA Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Transcription: mRNA Synthesis

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1:00 minutes

Problem 24

Textbook Question

List the mRNA bases that complement the bases A, T, G, and C in DNA.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of complementary base pairing: In DNA, the bases pair as A (adenine) with T (thymine) and G (guanine) with C (cytosine). In mRNA, thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U).

Identify the DNA bases provided in the problem: A (adenine), T (thymine), G (guanine), and C (cytosine).

Determine the complementary mRNA base for each DNA base: A pairs with U, T pairs with A, G pairs with C, and C pairs with G.

Write out the complementary mRNA sequence by substituting each DNA base with its corresponding mRNA base.

Review the sequence to ensure that the complementary base pairing rules have been applied correctly and that thymine (T) has been replaced with uracil (U) in the mRNA.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Base Pairing Rules

Base pairing rules dictate how nucleotides in DNA and RNA pair with each other. In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). When transcribing DNA to mRNA, adenine pairs with uracil (U) instead of thymine, while cytosine still pairs with guanine.

Transcription Process

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into mRNA. During this process, RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary strand of mRNA using one of the DNA strands as a template. This is crucial for protein synthesis, as mRNA carries the code from DNA to the ribosome.

Nucleotide Structure

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The specific arrangement of these bases (A, T, G, C in DNA; A, U, G, C in RNA) determines the genetic code and the instructions for building proteins.