Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Transcription: mRNA Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Transcription: mRNA Synthesis

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4:11 minutes

Problem 90b

Textbook Question

Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.
b. Using the new strand that results from this mutation, write the order of bases in the altered mRNA.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the original DNA sequence from problem 17.89 and note the specific base sequence in the parent chain before the mutation.

Understand the mutation: The problem states that adenine (A) in the parent chain is replaced by guanine (G). Modify the DNA sequence accordingly to reflect this change.

Recall the base-pairing rules for DNA to RNA transcription: In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A), cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).

Using the altered DNA strand (after the mutation), transcribe the sequence into mRNA by replacing each DNA base with its complementary RNA base according to the base-pairing rules.

Write out the final sequence of the altered mRNA strand, ensuring that the mutation is reflected in the sequence.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

DNA Mutation

A DNA mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA. This can occur due to various factors, including environmental influences or errors during DNA replication. In this case, the mutation involves the substitution of adenine (A) with guanine (G), which can lead to changes in the resulting protein if it occurs in a coding region.

Transcription

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand. The order of bases in the mRNA is determined by the sequence of the DNA template, meaning that any mutations in the DNA will directly affect the mRNA sequence produced.

Base Pairing Rules

Base pairing rules dictate how nucleotides pair in DNA and RNA. In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C). However, during transcription, adenine pairs with uracil (A-U) in RNA. Understanding these rules is essential for determining the sequence of mRNA that results from a mutated DNA strand, as they guide the correct pairing of bases.