Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

22. Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis

GOB Chemistry

22. Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis

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4:49 minutes

Problem 45d

Textbook Question

Which glycolysis reactions are catalyzed by the following enzymes?
d. Phosphoglycerate mutase

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of phosphoglycerate mutase in glycolysis: This enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. It is a type of isomerase that rearranges the functional group within the molecule without adding or removing atoms.

Identify the specific step in glycolysis: Phosphoglycerate mutase acts during the eighth step of glycolysis, which is part of the energy payoff phase.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction: The reaction can be represented as:

3_{- phosphoglycerate} \to 2_{- phosphoglycerate}

. This shows the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate.

Explain the mechanism briefly: The enzyme uses a phosphorylated histidine residue in its active site to facilitate the transfer of the phosphate group from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd carbon of the glycerate molecule.

Relate the reaction to the overall glycolysis pathway: This step is crucial for preparing the molecule for the subsequent dehydration reaction catalyzed by enolase, which leads to the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate, a high-energy intermediate.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process. It consists of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. Understanding glycolysis is essential for grasping how energy is generated in cellular respiration.

Enzymatic Catalysis

Enzymatic catalysis refers to the process by which enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or type of reaction, lowering the activation energy required. This specificity is crucial for understanding which enzymes catalyze specific steps in glycolysis.

Phosphoglycerate Mutase

Phosphoglycerate mutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis. This reaction is part of the energy investment phase of glycolysis and is essential for the subsequent steps leading to ATP production. Recognizing the role of this enzyme helps in understanding the overall glycolytic pathway.