Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

22. Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis

GOB Chemistry

22. Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis

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4:48 minutes

Problem 46c

Textbook Question

Review the 10 steps in glycolysis and then answer the following questions:
c. Which step is a dehydration?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recall that glycolysis is a metabolic pathway consisting of 10 enzymatic steps that convert glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process.

Step 2: Review the 10 steps of glycolysis, paying close attention to the specific chemical transformations occurring in each step. Focus on identifying the step where a water molecule (H₂O) is removed, as dehydration involves the loss of water.

Step 3: Note that the dehydration step in glycolysis occurs during the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme enolase.

Step 4: Understand the chemical mechanism of this step: enolase removes a water molecule from 2-phosphoglycerate, resulting in the formation of a double bond and the highly reactive compound phosphoenolpyruvate.

Step 5: Confirm your understanding by reviewing the structure of 2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate, noting the loss of H₂O and the formation of the double bond in the product.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. It consists of ten enzymatic steps, which can be divided into two phases: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase. Understanding glycolysis is essential for grasping how cells generate energy from carbohydrates.

Dehydration Reaction

A dehydration reaction, also known as a condensation reaction, involves the removal of a water molecule during the formation of a bond between two molecules. In glycolysis, this type of reaction is crucial for certain steps where substrates are converted into products, facilitating the overall metabolic process. Recognizing where dehydration occurs helps in understanding the biochemical transformations in glycolysis.

Enzymatic Steps in Glycolysis

Each step in glycolysis is catalyzed by a specific enzyme, which facilitates the conversion of substrates into products. These enzymes are critical for regulating the pathway and ensuring that the reactions proceed efficiently. Identifying the specific steps and their corresponding enzymes is vital for understanding the overall process and pinpointing where dehydration reactions occur.