Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

22. Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis

GOB Chemistry

22. Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis

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4:38 minutes

Problem 45a

Textbook Question

Which glycolysis reactions are catalyzed by the following enzymes?
a. Pyruvate kinase

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the role of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, where phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted into pyruvate.

Understand the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase. This reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from PEP to ADP, forming ATP and pyruvate. This is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction:

PEP + ADP \to Pyruvate + ATP

Recognize the importance of this step. It is an irreversible reaction in glycolysis and is highly regulated to ensure proper energy production in the cell.

Note that this reaction is part of the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, where ATP is generated, contributing to the net gain of ATP in the process.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing energy in the form of ATP and NADH. It consists of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. Understanding glycolysis is essential for grasping how cells generate energy and the role of various enzymes in this process.

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme catalysis refers to the process by which enzymes accelerate chemical reactions in biological systems. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or type of reaction, lowering the activation energy required and increasing the reaction rate. In glycolysis, enzymes like pyruvate kinase play crucial roles in facilitating specific steps of the pathway.

Pyruvate Kinase

Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate while producing ATP. This reaction is a key regulatory point in glycolysis and is influenced by various factors, including the availability of substrates and allosteric regulators. Understanding its function helps in comprehending the overall regulation of energy production in cells.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Glucose 6-phosphate is in a pivotal position in metabolism. Depending on conditions, glucose 6-phosphate follows one of several pathways. Under what conditions do the following occur?

d. Glycogenesis

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