Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Cyclic Alkanes

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Cyclic Alkanes

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Problem 25b

Textbook Question

Give the IUPAC names for the following cycloalkanes:
b.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the parent cycloalkane by counting the number of carbon atoms in the ring structure. The base name will be 'cyclo-' followed by the alkane name corresponding to the number of carbons (e.g., cyclopropane for 3 carbons, cyclobutane for 4 carbons, etc.).

Determine if there are any substituents (groups attached to the ring) and identify them by their names (e.g., methyl, ethyl, etc.).

Number the ring carbons to assign the lowest possible numbers to the substituents. Start numbering at one substituent and proceed around the ring to minimize the sum of the substituent numbers.

Combine the substituent names and numbers with the parent cycloalkane name. Use hyphens to separate numbers from words and commas to separate multiple numbers. If there are multiple substituents, list them in alphabetical order.

Double-check the name to ensure it follows IUPAC rules, including proper use of prefixes (e.g., di-, tri-) for multiple identical substituents and correct placement of numbers and hyphens.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure. They are saturated compounds, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. The general formula for cycloalkanes is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding their structure is essential for naming them according to IUPAC rules.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming chemical compounds. For cycloalkanes, the naming involves identifying the number of carbon atoms in the ring and using prefixes like 'cyclo-' followed by the appropriate alkane name. This standardized approach ensures that each compound has a unique and universally accepted name.

Substituents and Ring Size

In cycloalkanes, substituents are atoms or groups attached to the carbon ring, which can affect the compound's name and structure. The size of the ring (number of carbon atoms) also plays a crucial role in determining the compound's properties and its IUPAC name. When naming, it is important to identify the longest continuous carbon chain and the position of any substituents to ensure accurate nomenclature.