Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

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4:54 minutes

Problem 32a

Textbook Question

Give systematic names for the following aldehydes and ketones:
a.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional group in each compound. Aldehydes have a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, while ketones have a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.

Determine the longest continuous carbon chain that includes the carbonyl group. This chain will serve as the parent chain for naming.

Number the parent chain starting from the end closest to the carbonyl group. For aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is always carbon-1. For ketones, assign the lowest possible number to the carbonyl carbon.

Name the parent chain based on the number of carbons, using the appropriate suffix: '-al' for aldehydes and '-one' for ketones. For ketones, include the position of the carbonyl group in the name.

Add prefixes for any substituents attached to the parent chain, listing them in alphabetical order. Use numbers to indicate their positions on the chain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aldehydes

Aldehydes are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain. The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO, where R represents a hydrocarbon group. Systematic naming involves identifying the longest carbon chain containing the carbonyl group and using the suffix '-al' to denote its presence, such as in 'pentanal' for a five-carbon aldehyde.

Ketones

Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) located within a carbon chain, rather than at the end. Their general formula is RC(=O)R', where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups. When naming ketones systematically, the longest carbon chain containing the carbonyl group is identified, and the suffix '-one' is used, as in 'butanone' for a four-carbon ketone.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring that each name conveys specific structural information. For aldehydes and ketones, the IUPAC rules dictate the identification of the longest carbon chain, the position of the carbonyl group, and the appropriate suffixes. This standardized approach allows chemists to communicate compound structures clearly and unambiguously.