Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

GOB Chemistry

15. Aldehydes and Ketones

Naming Aldehydes

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Problem 30a

Textbook Question

Draw structures corresponding to the following aldehyde and ketone names:
a. 3-Methylpentanal

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the parent chain: The name '3-Methylpentanal' indicates that the parent chain is 'pentanal,' which is a five-carbon aldehyde. The '-al' suffix specifies the presence of an aldehyde functional group (-CHO) at the terminal carbon.

Number the carbon chain: Start numbering the carbon atoms from the end closest to the aldehyde group. This ensures the aldehyde group is at carbon-1.

Locate the substituent: The '3-Methyl' prefix indicates that there is a methyl group (-CH₃) attached to carbon-3 of the parent chain.

Draw the structure: Begin by drawing a straight chain of five carbon atoms. Attach the aldehyde group (-CHO) to carbon-1 and the methyl group (-CH₃) to carbon-3.

Double-check the structure: Verify that the aldehyde group is at carbon-1, the methyl group is at carbon-3, and the total number of carbons in the chain matches the name (5 carbons in the parent chain plus the methyl substituent).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aldehydes

Aldehydes are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain. The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO, where R represents a hydrocarbon group. In the case of 3-Methylpentanal, the 'pentanal' indicates a five-carbon chain with the aldehyde functional group at one end, while '3-methyl' specifies a methyl group attached to the third carbon of the chain.

Structural Representation

Structural representation in organic chemistry involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. This can be done using various methods, such as Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal formulas. For 3-Methylpentanal, drawing the structure requires accurately placing the carbon chain and functional groups to reflect the molecular formula and connectivity of the atoms.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds based on their structure. It provides rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Understanding IUPAC nomenclature is essential for interpreting names like 3-Methylpentanal, as it guides the construction of the corresponding molecular structure by indicating the position and type of substituents on the main carbon chain.