Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Hydrogenation Reaction

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Hydrogenation Reaction

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2:05 minutes

Problem 69a

Textbook Question

Fill in the missing organic products or reactants for the following hydrogenation reactions:
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of reaction: Hydrogenation is a reaction where hydrogen (H₂) is added to an organic compound, typically involving the reduction of a double or triple bond to a single bond.

Determine the reactant: In hydrogenation, the reactant is usually an alkene (a compound with a carbon-carbon double bond) or an alkyne (a compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond). Analyze the structure of the given reactant in the image to confirm this.

Determine the product: The addition of hydrogen across the double or triple bond will result in the formation of an alkane (a compound with only single bonds between carbons). For example, if the reactant is an alkene, the double bond will be reduced to a single bond, and two hydrogen atoms will be added to the carbons that were part of the double bond.

Write the balanced chemical equation: Represent the reaction using a chemical equation. For example, if the reactant is ethene (C₂H₄), the equation would be:

C 2_{4} + H_{2} \to C_{2} H_{6}

Verify the reaction conditions: Hydrogenation reactions typically require a catalyst, such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), or nickel (Ni), and are carried out under specific conditions of temperature and pressure. Ensure these are included in the reaction setup.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of hydrogen (H2) to an unsaturated organic compound, typically alkenes or alkynes, converting them into saturated hydrocarbons. This process is commonly used in the food industry to convert liquid vegetable oils into solid fats, as well as in the petrochemical industry to refine crude oil.

Reactants and Products

In a chemical reaction, reactants are the starting materials that undergo transformation, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction. Understanding the specific reactants and products involved in hydrogenation is crucial for predicting the outcome of the reaction and for balancing chemical equations.

Catalysts in Hydrogenation

Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. In hydrogenation reactions, metal catalysts such as palladium, platinum, or nickel are often used to facilitate the addition of hydrogen to the unsaturated compounds, making the reaction more efficient and selective.

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