Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Hydrogenation Reaction

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Hydrogenation Reaction

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1:35 minutes

Problem 72c

Textbook Question

Fill in the missing organic products for the complete hydrogenation of the following:
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of organic compound in the given image. For complete hydrogenation, the compound is likely an alkene or alkyne, as these undergo hydrogenation reactions to form saturated hydrocarbons.

Understand the process of complete hydrogenation. In this reaction, hydrogen (H₂) is added across the double or triple bonds of the compound in the presence of a catalyst, such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), or nickel (Ni).

Determine the structure of the product. For alkenes, the double bond is converted into a single bond, and two hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon atoms that were part of the double bond. For alkynes, the triple bond is fully reduced to a single bond, with four hydrogen atoms added in total.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Represent the reactant (the given compound), the hydrogen gas (H₂), and the catalyst, and show the resulting saturated hydrocarbon product.

Verify the product's structure. Ensure that all double or triple bonds in the original compound have been fully reduced and that the resulting product is a saturated hydrocarbon (alkane).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of hydrogen (H2) to unsaturated organic compounds, typically alkenes or alkynes, converting them into saturated hydrocarbons. This process is commonly used in the food industry to convert liquid vegetable oils into solid fats, as well as in the production of various chemicals. Understanding the mechanism of hydrogenation, including the role of catalysts, is essential for predicting the products formed.

Saturation of Organic Compounds

Saturation refers to the presence of single bonds between carbon atoms in organic compounds, as opposed to double or triple bonds found in unsaturated compounds. When an unsaturated compound undergoes hydrogenation, it becomes saturated, meaning it can hold more hydrogen atoms. Recognizing the difference between saturated and unsaturated compounds is crucial for determining the final products of hydrogenation reactions.

Reaction Mechanism

A reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. In the case of hydrogenation, understanding the mechanism helps in predicting the formation of specific products and the conditions required for the reaction. This includes the role of catalysts, the nature of the reactants, and the reaction environment, which all influence the efficiency and outcome of the hydrogenation process.

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Write the products for the following hydrogenation reactions:

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Write the products for the following hydrogenation reactions:

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Fill in the missing organic products or reactants for the following hydrogenation reactions:

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Fill in the missing organic products for the complete hydrogenation of the following:

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Multiple Choice

Write a hydrogenation reaction of the following alkyne and name the organic product formed.

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What alkene could you use to make the following products? Draw the structure of the alkene, and tell what other reagent is also required for the reaction to occur.

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Alkynes undergo hydrogenation to give alkanes, just as alkenes do. Draw and name the products that would result from hydrogenation of the alkynes shown in Problem 13.25.

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Textbook Question

If 2-methyl-2-pentene were converted into 1-hexene, what kind of reaction would that be?

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