Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Peptides

GOB Chemistry

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Peptides

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2:41 minutes

Problem 12d

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following peptides, and give its three-letter and one-letter abbreviations:
d. histidylglycylglutamylisoleucine

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the amino acids in the peptide sequence: histidine (His), glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu), and isoleucine (Ile). Note their three-letter and one-letter abbreviations: His (H), Gly (G), Glu (E), Ile (I).

Understand the peptide bond formation: Peptides are formed by linking amino acids through peptide bonds, which occur between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next amino acid.

Write the condensed structural formula for each amino acid: For example, histidine has the structure

{NH}_{2} - CH (CH (C (NH))) - COOH

. Repeat this for glycine, glutamic acid, and isoleucine.

Link the amino acids in sequence: Start with histidine, then glycine, followed by glutamic acid, and finally isoleucine. Connect them using peptide bonds, ensuring the carboxyl group of one amino acid links to the amino group of the next.

Write the final condensed structural formula for the peptide: Combine the structures of all amino acids in sequence, showing the peptide bonds. Include the three-letter abbreviation (His-Gly-Glu-Ile) and the one-letter abbreviation (HGEI) for the peptide.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Peptide Structure

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The sequence of amino acids determines the peptide's properties and function. Understanding the structure involves recognizing how amino acids are connected and how their side chains influence the overall shape and behavior of the peptide.

Amino Acid Abbreviations

Amino acids are represented by three-letter and one-letter codes, which are standardized for ease of communication in biochemistry. For example, histidine is abbreviated as 'His' (three-letter) and 'H' (one-letter). Knowing these abbreviations is essential for accurately representing peptides in a concise manner.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula provides a simplified representation of a molecule, showing the arrangement of atoms without depicting all bonds explicitly. In the context of peptides, it highlights the sequence of amino acids and the connectivity between them, allowing for a clear visualization of the peptide's structure.

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