Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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1:55 minutes

Problem 39c

Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:
5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'
c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CGA to AGA. Is this likely to affect protein function?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The mRNA sequence provided is 5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'. A mutation changes CGA to AGA. The task is to determine the amino acid sequence after the mutation and assess whether this change is likely to affect protein function.

Step 2: Recall the genetic code. Each codon (group of three nucleotides) in mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid. Use a codon chart to identify the amino acids for the original sequence and the mutated sequence.

Step 3: Translate the original mRNA sequence. Using the codon chart, determine the amino acids for each codon: CUU, AAA, CGA, and GUU.

Step 4: Translate the mutated mRNA sequence. Replace CGA with AGA and use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence for CUU, AAA, AGA, and GUU.

Step 5: Compare the amino acid sequences. Determine if the mutation changes the amino acid at the position corresponding to CGA. If the amino acid remains the same (a synonymous mutation), it is less likely to affect protein function. If the amino acid changes (a nonsynonymous mutation), assess whether the new amino acid could impact the protein's structure or function based on its properties.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

mRNA Translation

mRNA translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA. Each set of three nucleotides, called a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid. Understanding this process is crucial for determining how changes in the mRNA sequence can affect the resulting protein.

Amino Acid Codons

Amino acid codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify which amino acid will be added during protein synthesis. The genetic code is nearly universal, with specific codons corresponding to specific amino acids. A mutation in a codon can lead to a different amino acid being incorporated, potentially altering the protein's structure and function.

Mutation Impact on Protein Function

Mutations can have varying effects on protein function, ranging from benign to detrimental. A change in a single codon may result in a different amino acid, which can affect the protein's folding, stability, or activity. Evaluating whether a mutation affects protein function requires understanding the role of the specific amino acid in the protein's overall structure and function.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.

c. Write the three-letter symbols for the amino acids that would go into the peptide from the mRNA you wrote in part b.

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Textbook Question

Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.

a. What type of mutation has occurred?

609

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Textbook Question

Match each of the following processes (1 to 5) with one of the items (a to e):

5. reverse transcription

a. amino acids are linked together

b. RNA template is used to synthesize DNA

c. helicase unwinds DNA

d. genetic information is transferred from DNA

e. sticky ends join new DNA segment

551

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Textbook Question

Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.

d. What effect, if any, might this mutation have on the structure and/or function of the resulting protein?

623

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Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'

e. What happens to the protein sequence if an A is added to the beginning of the chain and the sequence changes to 5'ACU|UAA|ACG|AGU3'?

421

views

Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'ACA|UCA|CGG|GUA3'

c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CGG to GGG. Is this likely to affect protein function?

556

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Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'ACA|UCA|CGG|GUA3'

f. What happens to the protein sequence if the A is removed from the beginning of the chain and the sequence changes to 5'CAU|CAC|GGG3'?

454

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Textbook Question

Provide the three-letter amino acid sequence expected from each of the following mRNA segments:

b. 5'UUU|CCC|UUU|CCC3'

580

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Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CGA to AGA. Is this likely to affect protein function?

Key Concepts

mRNA Translation

Amino Acid Codons

Mutation Impact on Protein Function

Watch next

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:
5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'
c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CGA to AGA. Is this likely to affect protein function?