Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

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Problem 7c

Textbook Question

Draw and label the E and Z isomers for each of the following:
c.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the double bond in the molecule. The double bond is located between the carbon atoms labeled as CHCH2 and CCH2Cl.

Step 2: Assign priorities to the substituents on each side of the double bond using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules. For the left carbon (CHCH2), compare the ethyl group (CH2CH3) and the propyl group (CH2CH2CH3). For the right carbon (CCH2Cl), compare the chlorine atom and the isopropyl group (CH(CH3)2).

Step 3: Determine the spatial arrangement of the higher-priority groups on each side of the double bond. If the higher-priority groups are on the same side, the isomer is labeled as Z (zusammen, German for 'together'). If they are on opposite sides, the isomer is labeled as E (entgegen, German for 'opposite').

Step 4: Draw the E isomer by placing the higher-priority groups on opposite sides of the double bond. Label the structure as 'E isomer'.

Step 5: Draw the Z isomer by placing the higher-priority groups on the same side of the double bond. Label the structure as 'Z isomer'.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

E/Z Isomerism

E/Z isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism that occurs in alkenes and other compounds with restricted rotation around a double bond. The 'E' (from the German 'Entgegen') designation indicates that the highest priority substituents on each carbon of the double bond are on opposite sides, while 'Z' (from 'Zusammen') indicates they are on the same side. Understanding this concept is crucial for visualizing and drawing the correct isomers.

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules

The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules are used to determine the priority of substituents attached to the double-bonded carbons in E/Z isomerism. These rules assign priority based on atomic number; the higher the atomic number of the atom directly attached to the double bond, the higher the priority. If the first atoms are the same, the priority is determined by the next atoms in the substituent chain, which is essential for correctly identifying E and Z configurations.

Drawing Structural Isomers

Drawing structural isomers involves representing the different spatial arrangements of atoms in a molecule. For E/Z isomers, it is important to accurately depict the orientation of substituents around the double bond. This requires a clear understanding of molecular geometry and the ability to visualize how different arrangements affect the overall structure, which is key to labeling the isomers correctly.