We discuss the following reactions in subsequent chapters. Given the mechanisms shown, draw the mechanism of the reverse reaction.
(a)

Would you expect the following species to be electrophiles or nucleophiles? Some may be both. Explain your answer.

(e)

Using curved arrows, show the mechanism of the following reaction:

For each of the reactions in Problem 15, indicate which reactant is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile.

a.

b.

Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in the following reaction steps

a.

b.

We discuss the following reactions in subsequent chapters. Given the mechanisms shown, draw the mechanism of the reverse reaction.

(b)

Use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons that occurs in each step of the following mechanism

Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile in each of the following reaction steps. Then draw curved arrows to illustrate the bond-making and ­bond-breaking processes.

a.

The following reaction steps are shown using conventional electron pushing. (b) Use the bouncing arrow formalism to illustrate the formation of only the product shown.

(c)