In Exercises 17–22, let θ be an angle in standard position. Name the quadrant in which θ lies.tan θ < 0, cos θ < 0
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insert step 1> Identify the conditions given: \( \tan \theta < 0 \) and \( \cos \theta < 0 \).
insert step 2> Recall that \( \tan \theta = \frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta} \). For \( \tan \theta < 0 \), the sine and cosine must have opposite signs.
insert step 3> Since \( \cos \theta < 0 \), cosine is negative. This occurs in the second and third quadrants.
insert step 4> For \( \tan \theta < 0 \), sine and cosine must have opposite signs. In the second quadrant, sine is positive and cosine is negative, making tangent negative.
insert step 5> Conclude that \( \theta \) lies in the second quadrant where \( \tan \theta < 0 \) and \( \cos \theta < 0 \).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Quadrants of the Coordinate Plane
The coordinate plane is divided into four quadrants based on the signs of the x (cosine) and y (sine) coordinates. Quadrant I has both coordinates positive, Quadrant II has a negative x and positive y, Quadrant III has both negative, and Quadrant IV has a positive x and negative y. Understanding these quadrants is essential for determining the signs of trigonometric functions in relation to the angle θ.
The tangent (tan) and cosine (cos) functions are defined as ratios of the sides of a right triangle. Specifically, tan θ = sin θ / cos θ, and cos θ is the adjacent side over the hypotenuse. The signs of these functions vary by quadrant, which helps in identifying the location of the angle θ based on the given conditions of tan θ < 0 and cos θ < 0.
In trigonometry, inequalities involving trigonometric functions can provide critical information about the angle's position. For instance, tan θ < 0 indicates that the sine and cosine have opposite signs, while cos θ < 0 indicates that the cosine is negative. By analyzing these inequalities together, one can deduce the specific quadrant where the angle θ lies.