Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

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Multiple Choice

Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to which of the following?

membrane-bound receptors

nuclear receptors

mitochondrial membranes

cytoplasmic enzymes

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the nature of water-soluble hormones. These hormones are hydrophilic, meaning they cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. This is a key characteristic that determines how they interact with target cells.

Step 2: Recall the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones. Since they cannot enter the cell directly, they bind to receptors located on the cell membrane. These receptors are specifically designed to recognize and respond to water-soluble hormones.

Step 3: Compare the options provided in the question. Evaluate each option based on the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones: (a) membrane-bound receptors, (b) nuclear receptors, (c) mitochondrial membranes, and (d) cytoplasmic enzymes.

Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options. Nuclear receptors are typically associated with lipid-soluble hormones like steroid hormones, which can pass through the cell membrane. Mitochondrial membranes and cytoplasmic enzymes are not directly involved in the initial binding of water-soluble hormones.

Step 5: Conclude that water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to membrane-bound receptors, as this aligns with their inability to cross the cell membrane and their reliance on extracellular signaling mechanisms.