Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

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Multiple Choice

Under what condition will a target cell always respond quickly to an extracellular signal?

When the signal requires transcription of new genes.

When the signal involves a complex cascade of intracellular signaling pathways.

When the signal is a small, hydrophobic molecule that can diffuse through the cell membrane.

When the signal activates a receptor that directly opens an ion channel.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of the signal: A target cell responds quickly when the signal can directly affect cellular processes without requiring complex or time-consuming steps.

Consider the types of signals: Signals that require transcription of new genes or involve complex intracellular pathways typically take longer because they involve multiple steps and processes.

Identify the characteristics of the signal: Small, hydrophobic molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane quickly, but they may not always lead to an immediate response if they require further intracellular processing.

Focus on ion channels: Signals that activate receptors directly linked to ion channels can cause immediate changes in the cell's membrane potential, leading to a rapid response.

Conclude with the mechanism: The quickest response occurs when a signal activates a receptor that directly opens an ion channel, allowing ions to flow across the membrane and rapidly alter cellular activity.