BackA 32-year-old woman complains of intermittent aching pains in the medial two fingers of both hands. During such episodes, the fingers become blanched and then blue. Her history is taken, and it is noted that she is a heavy smoker. The physician advises her that she must stop smoking and states that she will not prescribe any medication until the patient has discontinued smoking for a month. What is this patient's condition, and why was she told to stop smoking?
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. The visceral motor division is also known as the autonomic nervous system and maintains homeostasis of many physiological variables.
The preganglionic and ganglionic neurons are missing from the diagram below showing the distribution of sympathetic innervation. Indicate their distribution using red for the preganglionic neurons and black for the ganglionic neurons.
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Relate each of the following terms or phrases to either the sympathetic (S) or parasympathetic (P) division of the autonomic nervous system:
______ (1) Short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers
______ (2) Intramural ganglia
______ (3) Craniosacral part
______ (4) Adrenergic fibers
______ (5) Cervical ganglia
______ (6) Otic and ciliary ganglia
Relate each of the following terms or phrases to either the sympathetic (S) or parasympathetic (P) division of the autonomic nervous system:
______ (7) Generally short-duration action
______ (8) Increases heart rate and blood pressure
______ (9) Increases gastric motility and secretion of lacrimal, salivary, and digestive juices
______ (10) Innervates blood vessels
______ (11) Most active when you are relaxing in a hammock
______ (12) Active when you are running in the Boston Marathon
The division of the ANS that prepares the body for activity and stress is the_____division.
(a) sympathetic
(b) parasympathetic
(c) craniosacral
(d) intramural
(e) somatomotor
Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved with innervating
a. abdominal organs
b. thoracic organs
c. head
d. arrector pili
e. all of these
Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the ANS include
(a) Dilation of the pupils
(b) Increased secretion by digestive glands
(c) Dilation of respiratory passages
(d) Increased heart rate
(e) Increased breakdown of glycogen by the liver
Starting in the spinal cord, trace an action potential through the sympathetic division of the ANS until it reaches a target organ in the abdominopelvic region.
Briefly explain why the following terms are sometimes used to refer to the autonomic nervous system: involuntary nervous system and emotional-visceral system.
Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to the spinal nerve, and indicate the kind of fibers found in each ramus type.
What are the major components of
(c) the enteric nervous system?
Which of the effects listed in response to question 9 would be reversed by parasympathetic activity?
All preganglionic autonomic fibers release______at their axon terminals, and the effects are always_____ .
(a) norepinephrine, inhibitory
(b) norepinephrine, excitatory
(c) acetylcholine, excitatory
(d) acetylcholine, inhibitory
Which three collateral ganglia serve as origins for ganglionic neurons that innervate organs or tissues in the abdominopelvic region?