19. The Blood Vessels

More than one choice may apply.

An increase in BP would be caused by all of the following except

a. Increase in SV

b. Increase in heart rate

c. Hemorrhage

d. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles

John is a 30-year-old man who is overweight and smokes. He has been diagnosed with hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Define each of these conditions. How are they often related? Why is hypertension called the 'silent killer'? Name three changes in your lifestyle that might help prevent cardiovascular disease in your old age.

Mrs. Rees is brought to the emergency room after being involved in an auto accident. She is hemorrhaging and has a rapid pulse that can barely be felt, but her blood pressure is still within normal limits. Describe the compensatory mechanisms that are maintaining her blood pressure in the face of blood loss.

Mr. Grimaldi was previously diagnosed as having a posterior pituitary tumor that causes hypersecretion of ADH. He comes to the clinic regularly to have his blood pressure checked. Would you expect his blood pressure to be chronically elevated or depressed? Why?

The carotid sinus contains:

a. Baroreceptors

b. Chemoreceptors

c. Metabolic controls

d. Smooth muscle cells

Which of the following would produce a decrease in blood pressure?

a. Increased cardiac output

b. Vasodilation

c. Vasoconstriction

d. Increased blood volume

The two pressures within the systemic arterial circuit are the_____ pressure and _____ pressure. The difference between these two pressures is the_____ pressure.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The sympathetic nervous system increases blood pressure in the short term by increasing cardiac output and peripheral resistance.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

A sudden increase or decrease in blood pressure triggers the baroreceptor reflex, which is mediated by the medulla and the autonomic nervous system.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Hormones that decrease blood volume and blood pressure include antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Angiotensin-II is a chemical that produces profound vasoconstriction.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The kidneys control blood pressure directly through adjustment of blood volume.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Arterioles reflexively dilate when blood pressure increases.

Explain why a person who is 7 feet tall is likely to have higher blood pressure than a person whose height is 4 feet.

Predict the effects of each of the following on systemic arterial blood pressure:

Caffeine consumption, which increases heart rate and causes vasoconstriction