23. The Digestive System

Bile emulsifies fat. Define emulsify.

The gallbladder

a. Produces bile

b. Is attached to the pancreas

c. Stores and concentrates bile

d. Produces secretin

Bile release from the gallbladder into the duodenum occurs only under the stimulation of

(a) Cholecystokinin

(b) Secretin

(c) Gastrin

(d) Enteropeptidase

A branch of the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and branch of the bile duct form\(a) A liver lobule

(b) The sinusoids

(c) A portal triad

(d) The hepatic duct

(e) The pancreatic duct

Explain why fatty stools result from the absence of bile or pancreatic juice.

After a heavy meal rich with fried foods, Debby Collins, an overweight 45-year-old woman, was rushed to the emergency room with severe spasmodic pains in her epigastric region that radiated to the right side of her rib cage. She indicated that the attack came on suddenly, and her abdomen was found to be tender to the touch and somewhat rigid. What do you think is this patient's problem and why is her pain discontinuous (colicky)? What are the treatment options and what might happen if the problem is not resolved?

Match the letter of the digestive organ shown in the figure with its function.

___ produces bile

Which of the following best describes the role of bile salts in lipid digestion?

a. Bile salts begin chemical digestion of lipids.

b. Bile salts bind to lipids and physically break them apart into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

c. Bile salts bind to lipids and physically break them apart into smaller pieces.

d. Bile salts interact with pancreatic lipase and catalyze lipid breakdown.

The site of production of cholecystokinin is:

a. The stomach

b. The small intestine

c. The pancreas

d. The large intestine

a. What is the relationship between the cystic, common hepatic, bile, and pancreatic ducts?

b. What is the point of fusion of the bile and pancreatic ducts called?

Mr. Williams presents to your clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. He says that the pain worsens when he eats, particularly when he eats fatty meals. He has noticed that his stool has been an unusual clay color recently. You perform an ultrasound of his abdomen and find that gallstones are blocking his common bile duct, preventing bile from entering the duodenum.

Explain why his feces have become a clay color instead of a normal brown color.