23. The Digestive System

Match the letter of the digestive organ shown in the figure with its function.

___ produces bile

Which of the following best describes the role of bile salts in lipid digestion?

a. Bile salts begin chemical digestion of lipids.

b. Bile salts bind to lipids and physically break them apart into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

c. Bile salts bind to lipids and physically break them apart into smaller pieces.

d. Bile salts interact with pancreatic lipase and catalyze lipid breakdown.

The site of production of cholecystokinin is:

a. The stomach

b. The small intestine

c. The pancreas

d. The large intestine

a. What is the relationship between the cystic, common hepatic, bile, and pancreatic ducts?

b. What is the point of fusion of the bile and pancreatic ducts called?

Mr. Williams presents to your clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. He says that the pain worsens when he eats, particularly when he eats fatty meals. He has noticed that his stool has been an unusual clay color recently. You perform an ultrasound of his abdomen and find that gallstones are blocking his common bile duct, preventing bile from entering the duodenum.

Explain why his feces have become a clay color instead of a normal brown color.

More than one choice may apply.

The pH of chyme entering the duodenum is adjusted by

a. Bile

b. Intestinal juice

c. Enzyme secretions from the pancreas

d. Bicarbonate-rich secretions from the pancreas

Which of the following statements about bile is true?

Obstruction of the hepatopancreatic sphincter impairs digestion by reducing the availability of:

a. Bile and HCl

b. HCl and intestinal juice

c. Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice

d. Pancreatic juice and bile

The primary hormone that triggers the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile is:

a. Gastric inhibitory peptide

b. Cholecystokinin

c. Motilin

d. Somatostatin

Mr. Williams presents to your clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. He says that the pain worsens when he eats, particularly when he eats fatty meals. He has noticed that his stool has been an unusual clay color recently. You perform an ultrasound of his abdomen and find that gallstones are blocking his common bile duct, preventing bile from entering the duodenum.

Why are his symptoms worse when he consumes a high-fat meal? Would you expect his symptoms to worsen or lessen when he consumes a meal consisting only of carbohydrates? Explain.

More than one choice may apply.

Which of these organs lies in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen?

a. Stomach

b. Spleen

c. Cecum

d. Liver