23. The Digestive System

The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum is:

a. The pyloric sphincter

b. The gastroesophageal sphincter

c. The hepatopancreatic sphincter

d. The ileocecal valve

Which area/structure is NOT a component of the pyloric part of the stomach?

Which layer of the muscularis externa only exists in the stomach?

Match the letter of the digestive organ shown in the figure with its function.

___ churning occurs here

Nutritionists have found that after a heavy meal, the pH of blood increases slightly, especially in the veins that carry blood away from the stomach. What causes this increase in blood pH?

The lamina propria forms part of the:

a. Muscularis externa

b. Submucosa

c. Serosa

d. Mucosa

Which of the following statements about chemical digestion in the stomach are correct:

I. Lipid digestion is begun by enzymes known as lipases.

II. HCl is breaks starches into component monosaccharides. 

III. Proteins are denatured by the protein pepsin.

Match the following terms with the correct definition. 

__Chief cells          

__Parietal cells           

__Gastrin           

__Pyloric sphincter         

__Diffuse neuroendocrine (DNES) cells         

__Gastroesophageal sphincter         

__Pepsin         

__Chyme

a. Hormone that stimulates multiple digestive processes

b. Enzyme that begins protein digestion

c. Produce acid and intrinsic factor

d. Liquid produced as a result of stomach churning

e. Produce pepsinogen

f. Cells in gastric glands that produce hormones

g. Controls passage of bolus from esophagus to stomach

h. Controls passage of stomach contents to duodenum

Which of the following occurs/occur during the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?

a. Stimulation of gastrin and histamine release

b. Direct stimulation of parietal cells

c. Inhibition of somatostatin release

d. Both a and b are correct

e. All of the above are correct

Within the gastric glands, which cells would you expect to find closest to the gastric pits?

Mixing of the chyme with gastric juice is achieved via:

Rugae are formed by the two inner most layer of the stomach adjacent to the lumen when the stomach is empty. Knowing this, which stomach layers form the rugae?