23. The Digestive System

Within the gastric glands, which cells would you expect to find closest to the gastric pits?

Mixing of the chyme with gastric juice is achieved via:

Rugae are formed by the two inner most layer of the stomach adjacent to the lumen when the stomach is empty. Knowing this, which stomach layers form the rugae?

A young woman is put through an extensive battery of tests to determine the cause of her stomach pains. She is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. An antihistamine drug is prescribed, and she is sent home. What is the mechanism of her medication? What life-threatening problems can result from a poorly managed ulcer? Why did the clinic doctor warn the woman not to take aspirin?

A surgical procedure known as gastric bypass involves removing all or part of the stomach.

Ms. Anthony has undergone gastric bypass, and her stomach has been removed entirely. She goes out to dinner and eats an extremely large meal. Explain what will happen in her small and large intestine following this meal.

Someone has eaten a meal of buttered toast, cream, and eggs. Which of the following would you expect to happen?

a. Compared to the period shortly after the meal, gastric motility and secretion of HCl decrease when the food reaches the duodenum

b. Gastric motility increases even as the person is chewing the food (before swallowing)

c. Fat will be emulsified in the duodenum by the action of bile

d. All of these

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Smooth muscle of the stomach contracts when food enters from the esophagus.

Trace the path of a single protein molecule that has been ingested.

The protein molecule must be digested before it can be transported to and utilized by the cells because

a. Protein is only useful directly

b. Protein has a low pH

c. Proteins in the circulating blood produce an adverse osmotic pressure

d. The protein is too large to be readily absorbed

An anorexic girl shows a high level of acetone in her blood. What is this condition called, and what has caused it?

Food entering the stomach will first pass through the: