21. The Immune System

Nonspecific immunity is also known as_____. Specific immunity is also known as_____. Specific immunity has the capacity for immunological ______ .

Which of the following is not involved in the activation of a B cell?

a. Antigen

b. Helper T cell

c. Cytokine

d. Cytotoxic T cell

Terrence has severe asthma and allergies, and is placed on a medication that blocks the functioning of IgE. How would this medication alleviate his symptoms?

Ted finds out that he has been exposed to measles. He is concerned that he might have contracted the disease, so he goes to see his physician. The physician takes a blood sample and sends it to a lab for antibody levels and titers. The results show an elevated level and activity of IgM antibodies to rubella (measles) virus but very few IgG antibodies to the virus. Has Ted contracted the disease?

Match the following antibody classes with their description:

a)   IgA.      b)  IgG.         c)  IgE.         d)  IgM.      e)  IgD.

___ First antibody produced during primary response.

___ Protects mucous membranes.

___ Most abundant antibody.

___ Found on the surface of B cells.

___ Triggers allergic reactions to allergens.

The primary B-cell receptor is:

More than one choice may apply.

Which of these antibody classes is usually arranged as a pentamer?

a. IgG

b. IgM

c IgA

d. IgD

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The cells involved in organ and transplant rejection are primarily B cells.

Which of the following is NOT an immunoglobin class?

Define antibody. Using an appropriately labeled diagram, describe the structure of an antibody monomer. Indicate and label variable and constant regions, heavy and light chains.

Match the following antibodies with the correct definition.

____IgD     

____IgM     

____IgG     

____IgA     

____IgE

a. Antibody found in secretions

b. Most common antibody; crosses the placenta

c. Antibody involved in allergies and parasitic infections

d. Pentamer and potent agglutinating agent

e. Antibody bound to the B cell plasma membrane

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true statement.

d. Vaccinations are given to induce the production of the inflammatory response.

How does the formation of an antigen–antibody complex cause the elimination of an antigen?