13. The Peripheral Nervous System

List the names of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. (Hint: use the mnemonic device 'Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly.' )

Damage to the posterior spinocerebellar tract on the left side of the spinal cord at the L₁ level would interfere with the coordinated movement of which limb(s)?

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? Which are purely sensory? Which activates the chewing muscles? Which helps regulate heart rate and activity of the digestive tract?

What region of the body is served by the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves? By the ventral rami?

The only cranial nerves that are attached to the cerebrum are the____ nerves.

(a) optic

(b) oculomotor

(c) trochlear

(d) olfactory

(e) abducens

Why do cervical nerves outnumber cervical vertebrae?

Joseph, a man in his early 70s, was having problems chewing his food. He was asked to stick out his tongue. It deviated to the right, and its right side was quite wasted. What cranial nerve was impaired?

A spinal nerve divides into a(n)_____ that serves the anterior side of the body and the limbs and a(n)_____that serves the posterior side of the body.

Define each of the following terms in your own words, using 20 or fewer words.

a. Peripheral nerve

Define each of the following terms in your own words, using 20 or fewer words.

b. Nerve plexus

Define each of the following terms in your own words, using 20 or fewer words.

c. Posterior root ganglion

First, write the Roman numeral that corresponds to each named cranial nerve (after the abbreviation CN). Second, match the cranial nerve with its correct function from the column on the right.

CN____               

______Vestibulocochlear nerve

CN____           

______Trigeminal nerve

CN____           

_______Hypoglossal nerve

CN____           

_______Abducens nerve

CN____           

_______Vagus nerve

CN____           

_______Olfactory nerve

CN____            

_______Accessory nerve

CN____           

_______Oculomotor nerve

CN____           

_______Facial nerve

CN____           

_______Optic nerve

CN____           

_______Glossopharyngeal nerve

CN____           

_______Trochlear nerve

a. Motor to the lateral rectus muscle

b. Motor to the muscles of facial expression; lacrimation; salivation; taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

c. Sense of smell

d. Motor to the muscles for swallowing; salivation; taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue; somatic sensation from the throat

e. Senses of hearing and equilibrium

f. Motor to the superior oblique muscle

g. Motor to the tongue

h. Motor to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

i. Sense of vision

j. Motor to muscles of swallowing and speaking; parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera; sense of taste from the throat

k. Sensory to the face; motor to the muscles of mastication

l. Motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscles; constricts the pupil; changes the shape of the lens; opens the eyelid

Which cranial nerves are sensory only, primarily motor, and mixed?

Which two cranial nerves mediate the gag reflex?

Devise a series of physical examination tests that assess the function of each of the cranial nerves.