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The framework of the larynx is formed by nine pieces of cartilage, the largest of which is the thyroid cartilage.
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The pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the respiratory tract warms, filters, and humidifies the inspired air.
The function of the epiglottis is to:
a. Contract muscularly to cover the laryngopharynx
b. Vibrate to produce sound
c. Trigger a cough reflex
d. Cover the glottis during swallowing
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Oxygen is transported primarily by dissolving in the plasma.
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Each Hb protein can carry up to four oxygen molecules.
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Hb in arterial blood is normally almost fully saturated.
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When the PO₂ of arterial blood drops slightly, the percent saturation of Hb drops dramatically.
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Increased PCO2, temperature, and hydrogen ion concentration all increase Hb's affinity for oxygen.