Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

12. Biosignaling

Insulin Signaling on Glucose Metabolism

Biochemistry

12. Biosignaling

Insulin Signaling on Glucose Metabolism

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the primary role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

It promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood glucose levels.

It increases gluconeogenesis in the liver.

It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream.

It inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of insulin in glucose metabolism: Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels. Its primary function is to regulate blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells and facilitating its storage or utilization.

Analyze the first option: 'It promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood glucose levels.' This aligns with the primary role of insulin, as it facilitates glucose transport into cells (e.g., muscle and adipose tissue) via GLUT4 transporters, effectively reducing blood glucose levels.

Evaluate the second option: 'It increases gluconeogenesis in the liver.' Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, which typically occurs during fasting or low insulin levels. Insulin actually inhibits gluconeogenesis, so this option is incorrect.

Evaluate the third option: 'It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream.' This process, known as glycogenolysis, is stimulated by glucagon, not insulin. Insulin, in contrast, promotes glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) to store glucose in the liver and muscle cells.

Evaluate the fourth option: 'It inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose.' Insulin promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids for storage as triglycerides in adipose tissue. Therefore, this statement is incorrect as it contradicts insulin's role in lipid metabolism.